Canuto et al. 2008
Canuto, V.M., Y. Cheng, A.M. Howard, and E.N. Essau, 2008: Stably stratified flows: A model with no Ri(cr). J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2437-2447, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2470.1.
A large set of laboratory, direct numerical simulation (DNS), and large eddy simulation (LES) data indicates that in stably stratified flows turbulent mixing exists up to Ri ~ O(100), meaning that there is practically no Ri(cr). On the other hand, traditional local second-order closure (SOC) models entail a critical Ri(cr) ~ O(1) above which turbulence ceases to exist and are therefore unable to explain the above data. The authors suggest how to modify the recent SOC model of Cheng et al. to reproduce the above data for arbitrary Ri.
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Canuto, V.M., Cheng, Y., Howard, A.M., and Essau, E.N.: Stably stratified flows: A model with no Ri(cr), J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2437-2447, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2470.1, 2008.
Canuto, V.M., Y. Cheng, A.M. Howard, and E.N. Essau (2008), Stably stratified flows: A model with no Ri(cr), J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2437-2447, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2470.1.
Canuto, V.M., Y. Cheng, A.M. Howard, and E.N. Essau, 2008: Stably stratified flows: A model with no Ri(cr). J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2437-2447, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2470.1.
Canuto, V.M., Cheng, Y., Howard, A.M., & Essau, E.N. 2008, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2437, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2470.1.
Canuto VM, Cheng Y, Howard AM, Essau EN. Stably stratified flows: A model with no Ri(cr), J Atmos Sci 2008;65:2437-2447. doi:10.1175/2007JAS2470.1.
V.M. Canuto, Y. Cheng, A.M. Howard, E.N. Essau, J. Atmos. Sci. 65, 2437-2447, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2470.1 (2008).
