Gladstone et al. 2005
Gladstone, R.M., I. Ross, P.J. Valdes, A. Abe-Ouchi, P. Braconnot, S. Brewer, M. Kageyama, A. Kitoh, A. LeGrande, O. Marti, R. Ohgaito, B. Otto-Bliesner, W.R. Peltier, and G. Vettoretti, 2005: Mid-Holocene NAO: A PMIP2 model intercomparison. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16707, doi:10.1029/2005GL023596.
The mid-Holocene (6000 years before present) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) from nine models in the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 2 is studied, primarily through principal component analysis of winter time North Atlantic sea level pressure (SLP). Modeled mid-Holocene NAO and mean SLP show small changes compared to pre-industrial control runs, with a shift in mean state towards a more positive NAO regime for three of the models. Modeled NAO variability shows little change, with a small increase for some models in the fraction of time spent in the NAO-negative phase during the mid-Holocene. Proxy based reconstructions of the NAO indicate a more positive NAO regime compared to present day during the mid- Holocene. We hypothesise that there was a small NAO+ like shift in mean state during the mid-Holocene.
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Gladstone, R.M., Ross, I., Valdes, P.J., Abe-Ouchi, A., Braconnot, P., Brewer, S., Kageyama, M., Kitoh, A., LeGrande, A., Marti, O., Ohgaito, R., Otto-Bliesner, B., Peltier, W.R., and Vettoretti, G.: Mid-Holocene NAO: A PMIP2 model intercomparison, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16707, doi:10.1029/2005GL023596, 2005.
Gladstone, R.M., I. Ross, P.J. Valdes, A. Abe-Ouchi, P. Braconnot, S. Brewer, M. Kageyama, A. Kitoh, A. LeGrande, O. Marti, R. Ohgaito, B. Otto-Bliesner, W.R. Peltier, and G. Vettoretti (2005), Mid-Holocene NAO: A PMIP2 model intercomparison, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16707, doi:10.1029/2005GL023596.
Gladstone, R.M., I. Ross, P.J. Valdes, A. Abe-Ouchi, P. Braconnot, S. Brewer, M. Kageyama, A. Kitoh, A. LeGrande, O. Marti, R. Ohgaito, B. Otto-Bliesner, W.R. Peltier, and G. Vettoretti, 2005: Mid-Holocene NAO: A PMIP2 model intercomparison. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16707, doi:10.1029/2005GL023596.
Gladstone, R.M., et al. 2005, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16707, doi:10.1029/2005GL023596.
Gladstone RM, Ross I, Valdes PJ, Abe-Ouchi A, Braconnot P, Brewer S, Kageyama M, Kitoh A, LeGrande A, Marti O, Ohgaito R, Otto-Bliesner B, Peltier WR, Vettoretti G. Mid-Holocene NAO: A PMIP2 model intercomparison, Geophys Res Lett 2005;32:L16707. doi:10.1029/2005GL023596.
R.M. Gladstone, I. Ross, P.J. Valdes, A. Abe-Ouchi, P. Braconnot, S. Brewer, M. Kageyama, A. Kitoh, A. LeGrande, O. Marti, R. Ohgaito, B. Otto-Bliesner, W.R. Peltier, G. Vettoretti, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L16707, doi:10.1029/2005GL023596 (2005).
