Fridlind et al. 2004
Fridlind, A.M., A.S. Ackerman, E.J. Jensen, A.J. Heymsfield, M.R. Poellot, D.E. Stevens, D. Wang, L.M. Miloshevich, D. Baumgardner, R.P. Lawson, J.C. Wilson, R.C. Flagan, J.H. Seinfeld, H.H. Jonsson, T.M. VanReken, V. Varutbangkul, and T.A. Rissman, 2004: Evidence for the predominance of mid-tropospheric aerosols as subtropical anvil cloud nuclei. Science, 304, 718-722, doi:10.1126/science.1094947.
NASA's recent Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment focused on anvil cirrus clouds, an important but poorly understood element of our climate system. The data obtained included the first comprehensive measurements of aerosols and cloud particles throughout the atmospheric column during the evolution of multiple deep convective storm systems. Coupling these new measurements with detailed cloud simulations that resolve the size distributions of aerosols and cloud particles, we found several lines of evidence indicating that most anvil crystals form on mid-tropospheric rather than boundary-layer aerosols. This result defies conventional wisdom and suggests that distant pollution sources may have a greater effect on anvil clouds than do local sources.
Citation Styles
Show: ACP, AGU, AMS, ApJ, JQSRT, Science style
Fridlind, A.M., Ackerman, A.S., Jensen, E.J., Heymsfield, A.J., Poellot, M.R., Stevens, D.E., Wang, D., Miloshevich, L.M., Baumgardner, D., Lawson, R.P., Wilson, J.C., Flagan, R.C., Seinfeld, J.H., Jonsson, H.H., VanReken, T.M., Varutbangkul, V., and Rissman, T.A.: Evidence for the predominance of mid-tropospheric aerosols as subtropical anvil cloud nuclei, Science, 304, 718-722, doi:10.1126/science.1094947, 2004.
Fridlind, A.M., A.S. Ackerman, E.J. Jensen, A.J. Heymsfield, M.R. Poellot, D.E. Stevens, D. Wang, L.M. Miloshevich, D. Baumgardner, R.P. Lawson, J.C. Wilson, R.C. Flagan, J.H. Seinfeld, H.H. Jonsson, T.M. VanReken, V. Varutbangkul, and T.A. Rissman (2004), Evidence for the predominance of mid-tropospheric aerosols as subtropical anvil cloud nuclei, Science, 304, 718-722, doi:10.1126/science.1094947.
Fridlind, A.M., A.S. Ackerman, E.J. Jensen, A.J. Heymsfield, M.R. Poellot, D.E. Stevens, D. Wang, L.M. Miloshevich, D. Baumgardner, R.P. Lawson, J.C. Wilson, R.C. Flagan, J.H. Seinfeld, H.H. Jonsson, T.M. VanReken, V. Varutbangkul, and T.A. Rissman, 2004: Evidence for the predominance of mid-tropospheric aerosols as subtropical anvil cloud nuclei. Science, 304, 718-722, doi:10.1126/science.1094947.
Fridlind, A.M., et al. 2004, Science, 304, 718, doi:10.1126/science.1094947.
Fridlind AM, Ackerman AS, Jensen EJ, Heymsfield AJ, Poellot MR, Stevens DE, Wang D, Miloshevich LM, Baumgardner D, Lawson RP, Wilson JC, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH, Jonsson HH, VanReken TM, Varutbangkul V, Rissman TA. Evidence for the predominance of mid-tropospheric aerosols as subtropical anvil cloud nuclei, Science 2004;304:718-722. doi:10.1126/science.1094947.
A.M. Fridlind, A.S. Ackerman, E.J. Jensen, A.J. Heymsfield, M.R. Poellot, D.E. Stevens, D. Wang, L.M. Miloshevich, D. Baumgardner, R.P. Lawson, J.C. Wilson, R.C. Flagan, J.H. Seinfeld, H.H. Jonsson, T.M. VanReken, V. Varutbangkul, T.A. Rissman, Science 304, 718-722, doi:10.1126/science.1094947 (2004).
