Cess et al. 1993
Cess, R.D., M.-H. Zhang, G.L. Potter, H.W. Barker, R.A. Colman, D.A. Dazlich, A.D. Del Genio, M. Esch, J.R. Fraser, V. Galin, W.L. Gates, J.J. Hack, W.J. Ingram, J.T. Kiehl, A.A. Lacis, H. Le Treut, Z.-X. Li, X.-Z. Liang, J.-F. Mahfouf, B.J. McAvaney, V.P. Meleshko, J.-J. Morcrette, D.A. Randall, E. Roeckner, J.-F. Royer, A.P. Sokolov, P.V. Sporyshev, K.E. Taylor, W.-C. Wang, and R.T. Wetherald, 1993: Uncertainties in carbon dioxide radiative forcing in atmospheric general circulation models. Science, 262, 1252-1255, doi:10.1126/science.262.5137.1252.
Global warming, caused by an increase in the concentrations of greenhouse gases, is the direct result of greenhouse gas-induced radiative forcing. When a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide is considered, this forcing differed substantially among 15 atmospheric general circulation models. Although there are several potential causes, the largest contributor was the carbon dioxide radiation parameterizations of the models.
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Cess, R.D., Zhang, M.-H., Potter, G.L., Barker, H.W., Colman, R.A., Dazlich, D.A., Del Genio, A.D., Esch, M., Fraser, J.R., Galin, V., Gates, W.L., Hack, J.J., Ingram, W.J., Kiehl, J.T., Lacis, A.A., Le Treut, H., Li, Z.-X., Liang, X.-Z., Mahfouf, J.-F., McAvaney, B.J., Meleshko, V.P., Morcrette, J.-J., Randall, D.A., Roeckner, E., Royer, J.-F., Sokolov, A.P., Sporyshev, P.V., Taylor, K.E., Wang, W.-C., and Wetherald, R.T.: Uncertainties in carbon dioxide radiative forcing in atmospheric general circulation models, Science, 262, 1252-1255, doi:10.1126/science.262.5137.1252, 1993.
Cess, R.D., M.-H. Zhang, G.L. Potter, H.W. Barker, R.A. Colman, D.A. Dazlich, A.D. Del Genio, M. Esch, J.R. Fraser, V. Galin, W.L. Gates, J.J. Hack, W.J. Ingram, J.T. Kiehl, A.A. Lacis, H. Le Treut, Z.-X. Li, X.-Z. Liang, J.-F. Mahfouf, B.J. McAvaney, V.P. Meleshko, J.-J. Morcrette, D.A. Randall, E. Roeckner, J.-F. Royer, A.P. Sokolov, P.V. Sporyshev, K.E. Taylor, W.-C. Wang, and R.T. Wetherald (1993), Uncertainties in carbon dioxide radiative forcing in atmospheric general circulation models, Science, 262, 1252-1255, doi:10.1126/science.262.5137.1252.
Cess, R.D., M.-H. Zhang, G.L. Potter, H.W. Barker, R.A. Colman, D.A. Dazlich, A.D. Del Genio, M. Esch, J.R. Fraser, V. Galin, W.L. Gates, J.J. Hack, W.J. Ingram, J.T. Kiehl, A.A. Lacis, H. Le Treut, Z.-X. Li, X.-Z. Liang, J.-F. Mahfouf, B.J. McAvaney, V.P. Meleshko, J.-J. Morcrette, D.A. Randall, E. Roeckner, J.-F. Royer, A.P. Sokolov, P.V. Sporyshev, K.E. Taylor, W.-C. Wang, and R.T. Wetherald, 1993: Uncertainties in carbon dioxide radiative forcing in atmospheric general circulation models. Science, 262, 1252-1255, doi:10.1126/science.262.5137.1252.
Cess, R.D., et al. 1993, Science, 262, 1252, doi:10.1126/science.262.5137.1252.
Cess RD, Zhang M-H, Potter GL, Barker HW, Colman RA, Dazlich DA, Del Genio AD, Esch M, Fraser JR, Galin V, Gates WL, Hack JJ, Ingram WJ, Kiehl JT, Lacis AA, Le Treut H, Li Z-X, Liang X-Z, Mahfouf J-F, McAvaney BJ, Meleshko VP, Morcrette J-J, Randall DA, Roeckner E, Royer J-F, Sokolov AP, Sporyshev PV, Taylor KE, Wang W-C, Wetherald RT. Uncertainties in carbon dioxide radiative forcing in atmospheric general circulation models, Science 1993;262:1252-1255. doi:10.1126/science.262.5137.1252.
R.D. Cess, M.-H. Zhang, G.L. Potter, H.W. Barker, R.A. Colman, D.A. Dazlich, A.D. Del Genio, M. Esch, J.R. Fraser, V. Galin, W.L. Gates, J.J. Hack, W.J. Ingram, J.T. Kiehl, A.A. Lacis, H. Le Treut, Z.-X. Li, X.-Z. Liang, J.-F. Mahfouf, B.J. McAvaney, V.P. Meleshko, J.-J. Morcrette, D.A. Randall, E. Roeckner, J.-F. Royer, A.P. Sokolov, P.V. Sporyshev, K.E. Taylor, W.-C. Wang, R.T. Wetherald, Science 262, 1252-1255, doi:10.1126/science.262.5137.1252 (1993).
