Canuto and Goldman 1989

Canuto, V.M., and I. Goldman, 1989: Atomic and gravitational clock. Intl. J. Theor. Phys., 28, 1005-1017, doi:10.1007/BF00670344.

Atomic and gravitational clocks are governed by the laws of electrodynamics and gravity, respectively. While the strong equivalence principle (SEP) assumes that the two clocks have been synchronous at all times, recent planetary data seem to suggest a possible violation of the SEP. Our past analysis of the implications of an SEP violation on different physical phenomena revealed no disagreement. However, these studies assumed that the two different clocks can be consistently constructed within the framework. The concept of scale invariance, and the physical meaning of different systems of units, are now reviewed and the construction of two clocks that do not remain synchronous — whose rates are related by a nonconstant function β_a — is demonstrated. The cosmological character of β_a is also discussed.

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Canuto, V.M., and Goldman, I.: Atomic and gravitational clock, Intl. J. Theor. Phys., 28, 1005-1017, doi:10.1007/BF00670344, 1989.

Canuto, V.M., and I. Goldman (1989), Atomic and gravitational clock, Intl. J. Theor. Phys., 28, 1005-1017, doi:10.1007/BF00670344.

Canuto, V.M., and I. Goldman, 1989: Atomic and gravitational clock. Intl. J. Theor. Phys., 28, 1005-1017, doi:10.1007/BF00670344.

Canuto, V.M., & Goldman, I. 1989, Intl. J. Theor. Phys., 28, 1005, doi:10.1007/BF00670344.

Canuto VM, Goldman I. Atomic and gravitational clock, Intl J Theor Phys 1989;28:1005-1017. doi:10.1007/BF00670344.

V.M. Canuto, I. Goldman, Intl. J. Theor. Phys. 28, 1005-1017, doi:10.1007/BF00670344 (1989).