Gottlieb et al. 1985

Gottlieb, C.A., J.M. Vrtilek, E.W. Gottlieb, P. Thaddeus, and A. Hjalmarson, 1985: Laboratory detection of the C₃H radical. Astrophys. J., 294, L55-L58, doi:10.1086/184508.

Millimeter-wave lines of the C₃H radical, including six of the lines observed in space, were detected in a laboratory glow discharge through a flowing mixture of C₂H₂, He, and CO. Each of the 10 rotational transitions measured, five between 98 and 185 GHz in the 2Pi1/2 ladder and five between 80 and 194 GHz in the 2Pi3/2 ladder, is split by lambda-type doubling, and all but three possess resolved hyperfine structure. The excellent agreement between the fine-structure, rotation, lambda-doubling, and hyperfine constants derived from the laboratory data and from the astronomical observations conclusively confirms the identifications in IRC +10216 and TMC-1 by Thaddeus and colleagues (1985). An accurate set of spectroscopic constants, which allow calculation of the entire radio spectrum of C₃H to a radial velocity of 0.1 km/s, was derived from a simulataneous fit to the laboratory frequencies and to the well-resolved hfs observed in the narrow-line astronomical source TMC-1.

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Gottlieb, C.A., Vrtilek, J.M., Gottlieb, E.W., Thaddeus, P., and Hjalmarson, A.: Laboratory detection of the C₃H radical, Astrophys. J., 294, L55-L58, doi:10.1086/184508, 1985.

Gottlieb, C.A., J.M. Vrtilek, E.W. Gottlieb, P. Thaddeus, and A. Hjalmarson (1985), Laboratory detection of the C₃H radical, Astrophys. J., 294, L55-L58, doi:10.1086/184508.

Gottlieb, C.A., J.M. Vrtilek, E.W. Gottlieb, P. Thaddeus, and A. Hjalmarson, 1985: Laboratory detection of the C₃H radical. Astrophys. J., 294, L55-L58, doi:10.1086/184508.

Gottlieb, C.A., Vrtilek, J.M., Gottlieb, E.W., Thaddeus, P., & Hjalmarson, A. 1985, Astrophys. J., 294, L55, doi:10.1086/184508.

Gottlieb CA, Vrtilek JM, Gottlieb EW, Thaddeus P, Hjalmarson A. Laboratory detection of the C₃H radical, Astrophys J 1985;294:L55-L58. doi:10.1086/184508.

C.A. Gottlieb, J.M. Vrtilek, E.W. Gottlieb, P. Thaddeus, A. Hjalmarson, Astrophys. J. 294, L55-L58, doi:10.1086/184508 (1985).