Pinto et al. 1983

Pinto, J.P., D. Rind, G.L. Russell, J.A. Lerner, J.E. Hansen, Y.L. Yung, and S. Hameed, 1983: A general circulation model study of atmospheric carbon monoxide. J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3691-3702.

The carbon monoxide cycle is studied by incorporating the known and hypothetical sources and sinks in a tracer model that uses the winds generated by a general circulation model. Photochemical production and loss terms, which depend on OH radical concentrations, are calculated in an interactive fashion. The computed global distribution and seasonal variations of CO are compared with observations to obtain constraints on the distribution and magnitude of the sources and sinks of CO, and on the tropospheric abundance of OH. The simplest model that accounts for available observations requires a low latitude plant source of about 1.3×10¹⁵ g/yr, in addition to sources from incomlete combustion of fossil fuels and oxidation of methane. The globally averaged OH concentration calculated in the model is 7×10⁵ cm^-3. Models that calculate globally averaged OH concentrations much lower than our nominal value are not consistent with the observed variability of CO. Such models are also inconsistent with measurements of CO isotopic abundances, which imply the existence of plant sources.

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Pinto, J.P., Rind, D., Russell, G.L., Lerner, J.A., Hansen, J.E., Yung, Y.L., and Hameed, S.: A general circulation model study of atmospheric carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3691-3702, 1983.

Pinto, J.P., D. Rind, G.L. Russell, J.A. Lerner, J.E. Hansen, Y.L. Yung, and S. Hameed (1983), A general circulation model study of atmospheric carbon monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3691-3702.

Pinto, J.P., D. Rind, G.L. Russell, J.A. Lerner, J.E. Hansen, Y.L. Yung, and S. Hameed, 1983: A general circulation model study of atmospheric carbon monoxide. J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3691-3702.

Pinto, J.P., Rind, D., Russell, G.L., Lerner, J.A., Hansen, J.E., Yung, Y.L., & Hameed, S. 1983, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3691.

Pinto JP, Rind D, Russell GL, Lerner JA, Hansen JE, Yung YL, Hameed S. A general circulation model study of atmospheric carbon monoxide, J Geophys Res 1983;88:3691-3702.

J.P. Pinto, D. Rind, G.L. Russell, J.A. Lerner, J.E. Hansen, Y.L. Yung, S. Hameed, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 3691-3702 (1983).