Stone et al. 1974

Stone, P.H., W.J. Quirk, and R.C.J. Somerville, 1974: The effect of small-scale vertical mixing of horizontal momentum in a general circulation model. M. Weather Rev., 102, 765-771, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1974)102<0765:TEOSSV>2.0.CO;2.

Several experiments are described in which the the sub-grid-scale vertical eddy viscosity in the GISS global general circulation model was varied. The results show that large viscosities suppress large-scale eddies in middle and high latitudes, but enhance the circulation in the tropical Hadley cell and increase the extent of the tropical easterlies. Comparison with observations shows that the GISS model requires eddy viscosities ~1 m²/s or less to give realistic results for middle and high latitudes, and eddy viscosities ~100 m²/s to give realistic results for low latitudes. A plausible mechanism for the implied increase in small-scale mixing in low latitudes is cumulus convection.

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Stone, P.H., Quirk, W.J., and Somerville, R.C.J.: The effect of small-scale vertical mixing of horizontal momentum in a general circulation model, M. Weather Rev., 102, 765-771, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1974)102<0765:TEOSSV>2.0.CO;2, 1974.

Stone, P.H., W.J. Quirk, and R.C.J. Somerville (1974), The effect of small-scale vertical mixing of horizontal momentum in a general circulation model, M. Weather Rev., 102, 765-771, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1974)102<0765:TEOSSV>2.0.CO;2.

Stone, P.H., W.J. Quirk, and R.C.J. Somerville, 1974: The effect of small-scale vertical mixing of horizontal momentum in a general circulation model. M. Weather Rev., 102, 765-771, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1974)102<0765:TEOSSV>2.0.CO;2.

Stone, P.H., Quirk, W.J., & Somerville, R.C.J. 1974, M. Weather Rev., 102, 765, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1974)102<0765:TEOSSV>2.0.CO;2.

Stone PH, Quirk WJ, Somerville RCJ. The effect of small-scale vertical mixing of horizontal momentum in a general circulation model, M Weather Rev 1974;102:765-771. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1974)102<0765:TEOSSV>2.0.CO;2.

P.H. Stone, W.J. Quirk, R.C.J. Somerville, M. Weather Rev. 102, 765-771, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1974)102<0765:TEOSSV>2.0.CO;2 (1974).