Lacis and Hansen 1974

Lacis, A.A., and J.E. Hansen, 1974: Atmosphere of Venus: Implications of Venera 8 sunlight measurements. Science, 184, 979-983, doi:10.1126/science.184.4140.979.

Venera 8 measurements of solar illumination within the atmosphere of Venus are quantitatively analyzed by using a multilayer model atmosphere. The analysis shows that there are at least three different scattering layers in the atmosphere of Venus and the total cloud optical thickness is ≳ 10. However, because of the nature of the observations it is not possible to determine the vertical distribution of absorbed solar energy, which would reveal the drive for the atmospheric dynamics and the strength of the greenhouse effect. Future spacecraft observations should be designed to (i) measure both upward and downward solar fluxes, (ii) include measurements of the highest cloud layers, and (iii) employ narrow-band and broad-band sensors.

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Lacis, A.A., and Hansen, J.E.: Atmosphere of Venus: Implications of Venera 8 sunlight measurements, Science, 184, 979-983, doi:10.1126/science.184.4140.979, 1974.

Lacis, A.A., and J.E. Hansen (1974), Atmosphere of Venus: Implications of Venera 8 sunlight measurements, Science, 184, 979-983, doi:10.1126/science.184.4140.979.

Lacis, A.A., and J.E. Hansen, 1974: Atmosphere of Venus: Implications of Venera 8 sunlight measurements. Science, 184, 979-983, doi:10.1126/science.184.4140.979.

Lacis, A.A., & Hansen, J.E. 1974, Science, 184, 979, doi:10.1126/science.184.4140.979.

Lacis AA, Hansen JE. Atmosphere of Venus: Implications of Venera 8 sunlight measurements, Science 1974;184:979-983. doi:10.1126/science.184.4140.979.

A.A. Lacis, J.E. Hansen, Science 184, 979-983, doi:10.1126/science.184.4140.979 (1974).