Tsuruta and Cameron 1970

Tsuruta, S., and A.G.W. Cameron, 1970: URCA shells in dense stellar interiors. Astrophys. Space Sci., 7, 374-406, doi:10.1007/BF00653278.

Thermal and vibrational energy losses due to URCA shells in stellar interiors are calculated. Analytic expressions are derived for semidegenerate, relativistic electrons. Results are given for more general cases calculated with a computer. The calculations are carried out for a large number of nuclei that may contribute to URCA energy losses in various stages of stellar evolution. An illustra- tion is given of the cooling and vibrational damping of a white dwarf. For a central Fermi energy ~> 5 MeV, the internal temperature of the star should be reduced to the order of 10⁶ K and the relative vibrational amplitude should be reduced to the order of 10^-5 on a time scale of 10⁹ yr. The URCA energy losses are compared with other neutrino energy losses. In a stellar interior where URCA shells are present, the URCA neutrino energy loss dominates in the temperature region up to about 2×10⁹ K.

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Tsuruta, S., and Cameron, A.G.W.: URCA shells in dense stellar interiors, Astrophys. Space Sci., 7, 374-406, doi:10.1007/BF00653278, 1970.

Tsuruta, S., and A.G.W. Cameron (1970), URCA shells in dense stellar interiors, Astrophys. Space Sci., 7, 374-406, doi:10.1007/BF00653278.

Tsuruta, S., and A.G.W. Cameron, 1970: URCA shells in dense stellar interiors. Astrophys. Space Sci., 7, 374-406, doi:10.1007/BF00653278.

Tsuruta, S., & Cameron, A.G.W. 1970, Astrophys. Space Sci., 7, 374, doi:10.1007/BF00653278.

Tsuruta S, Cameron AGW. URCA shells in dense stellar interiors, Astrophys Space Sci 1970;7:374-406. doi:10.1007/BF00653278.

S. Tsuruta, A.G.W. Cameron, Astrophys. Space Sci. 7, 374-406, doi:10.1007/BF00653278 (1970).